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The Sensitive Left and the Impervious Right

Multilevel Models and the Politics of Inequality, Ideology, and Legitimacy in Europe

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

Matthew M. Singer

University of Connecticut, Storrs

Recent years have seen increased attention to integrating what we know about individual citizens with what we know about macro-level contexts that vary across countries. This article discusses the growing literature on how people's interpretations, opinions, and actions are shaped by variable contextual parameters and provides a novel substantive application. Using surveys conducted in 20 European democracies, the authors examine the effect of income inequality on people's attitudes about the functioning of the political system and trust in public institutions. They find that citizens in countries with higher levels of income inequality express more negative attitudes toward public institutions. Moreover, they show that the negative effect of inequality on attitudes toward the political system is particularly powerful among individuals on the political left. In contrast, inequality's negative effect on people's faith in the system is muted among those on the right.

Key Words: inequality • political trust • legitimacy • ideology • Europe • multilevel analysis • contextual analysis

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